Online Learning Glossary

A

An academic term or “session” is a portion of an academic year, the time during which an educational institution holds classes. A “semester” system (from the Latin meaning “six-monthly”) divides the academic year into two terms, which are usually 14-20 weeks each. Some schools follow a trimester (three terms a year) or even a quadmester (four terms a year) schedule. Back to top ^

Many institutions offer accelerated courses, which are traditional 16-week semester courses that have been condensed into half the time. Accelerated courses allow you to complete your degree or program sooner, but they cover the same amount of material in less time and can be demanding. Back to top ^

Accreditation is a process by which a school is determined to have met predetermined quality standards determined and monitored by nongovernmental agencies authorized by the U.S. Secretary of Education. There are two types of accreditation: Institutional, for the school as a whole, is granted by a national or regional accreditation-granting organization. Programmatic or specialized accreditation acknowledges that a specific program within the school has successfully completed the accreditation process relevant to its field. Back to top ^

Adjunct Instructor or Adjunct Professor signifies that the individual may be a part-time employee of the school. Back to top ^

Prospective students will work with an admissions manager after applying to the program. From this point, the admissions manager will assist the applicant in gathering documents, such as transcripts, letters of intent, etc., for the student’s overall admissions packet. Back to top ^

Applied Learning, or Practice-Based Learning can be defined as experiential, hands-on, active learning that integrates deep academic and rigorous technical content in problems and projects that connect school to life and work-learning on the basis of one’s own reflections on one’s own actions.¹ Applied Learning may be complemented by Theory-Based Learning. See also: Theory-Based Learning. Back to top ^

App is short for “application,” which is the same as a software program (not to be confused with an application for entry to a school). Back to top ^

Assistant Professor is the post held by a faculty member who is on the tenure track but has not yet received tenure. After serving, on average, three to seven years, an individual is considered for promotion and tenure. Back to top ^

Asynchronous learning is a general term used to describe forms of education, instruction, and learning that do not occur in the same place or at the same time. This means you do the work when it’s convenient for you. Most online courses are asynchronous in nature, though instructors may include synchronous components, such as weekly meetings, and require attendance or participation. See also: Synchronous. Back to top ^

B

“Banner Self-Service for Students” is a web-based application that gives students access to a wide array of Utica University academic and administrative information, including academic transcript and grades.² Back to top ^

An online journal (blog is short for web log) that may be available to the general public or entirely private, open to select friends and family. You can usually adjust your blog settings to restrict visitors from commenting on your blog entries. Back to top ^

To get around online, you use a software program called a browser. Many browsers are available, and they are free. Names of browsers include Internet Explorer (IE), Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari, and Opera. Browsers offer tools to help you navigate from website to website and from one web page to another. Back to top ^

C

On a computer, the cache stores recently used information so that it can be quickly accessed at a later time. Computers incorporate several different types of caching in order to run more efficiently, thereby improving performance. Common types of caches include browser cache, disk cache, memory cache, and processor cache.² Back to top ^

Also called a capstone experience, culminating project, or senior exhibition, among many other terms, a capstone project is a multifaceted assignment that completes, and is the high point of, a student’s academic program or learning-pathway experience. Back to top ^

Citation formats-the style you use to cite sources-depends on your instructor and your academic discipline. Commonly used styles include American Psychological Association (APA), Modern Language Association (MLA), American Medical Association (AMA), and Chicago Manual Style (CMS). Back to top ^

The term cohort refers to a set of individuals who are treated as a group. In education, a cohort of students start a degree or certificate program at the same time and are in the program together throughout their degree. These students may be together for a year or more. Back to top ^

Cookies are tiny files that a site uses to track your online activity and recognize you when you return to the source site. Trusted sites are sites that you allow to download cookies to your computer even though the privacy setting you’ve made might not allow any other sites to do so. Back to top ^

Most boards reviewing candidates holding international credentials require that they submit a credential evaluation to demonstrate their academic preparation and determine their eligibility for licensing or certification.⁵ Back to top ^

A “Credit hour” is the unit of measuring educational credit, usually based on the number of classroom hours per week throughout a term.³ Back to top ^

D

The Defense Department issues to each veteran a DD-214, identifying the veteran’s condition of discharge – honorable, general, other than honorable, dishonorable, or bad conduct. The Report of Separation contains information normally needed to verify military service for benefits, retirement, employment, and membership in veterans’ organizations.⁷ Back to top ^

Schools offer a variety of degree programs. Determining why you are going back to school will help guide what type of education you need. Certificates are miniature degrees that offer only what you need for a specific professional field or task. Typically, a certificate is much shorter than a traditional degree. Some certificates can lead to other degrees. Associate’s degrees typically require around 60 credit hours and may represent the first two years of a bachelor’s degree. Bachelor’s degrees require 124-128 credit hours. Master’s degrees require 32-36 hours beyond a bachelor’s degree. Some programs require as many as 44 credit hours. Doctorate degrees require around 60-75 credit hours beyond a bachelor’s, plus successful completion of a comprehensive examination and a written dissertation of original research. Back to top ^

The term “thread” in computing refers to a series of related postings (sharing comments) in an online discussion. Your instructor may provide students with a private discussion forum to communicate with one another. You can organize this forum by creating new discussion threads specific to conversation topics. Back to top ^

E

The initial university representative that a prospective student will speak with when researching admission requirements for a particular program is the Enrollment Counselor. The Enrollment Counselor will assist potential students through the application and/or admission process up until the applicant begins his or her first course. Back to top ^

A collection of existing and developing new resources that provide practical and innovative information on incorporating research into everyday practice. Resources will include information on a variety of methods, models, and real-life examples with application to various settings and patient populations.⁸ Back to top ^

F

The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is the universal application for financial aid. Applying for FAFSA is free at www.studentaid.gov. Back to top ^

Financial Aid is any grant or scholarship, loan, or paid employment offered to help a student meet his/her college expenses. Such aid is usually provided by various sources such as federal and state agencies, colleges, high schools, foundations, and corporations.⁴ Sources of financial aid include Scholarships, Grants, and Loans. Explore your options and eligibility for Financial Aid at studentaid.gov. Back to top ^

Both non-profit and for-profit schools confer degrees, but their focus and composition are quite different. For-profit colleges operate more like traditional businesses. These schools have investors who expect to make money (hence for-profit).⁵ Back to top ^

Fully online means just you and the screen-you complete all the work online. You could, for instance, enroll in a course at a school that’s physically located far from you. Back to top ^

G

Many benefits are available to advance the education and skills of Veterans and Service members. Spouses and family members may also be eligible for education and training assistance. The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, known informally as the GI Bill, was a law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as GIs). Veterans who have served at least 90 days of active duty service after September 10, 2001 and received an honorable discharge will qualify for the Post-9/11 GI Bill. Back to top ^

A standardized test, not related to any specific field of study, that measures an applicant’s potential to withstand the rigors and succeed in graduate school is called at graduate entrance exam. Examples include Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT). Test scores are used by admissions departments to supplement undergraduate records and other qualifications for graduate study. Schools usually accept test scores taken within the previous 5 years. Back to top ^

H

A hyperlink is a word, phrase, or image that you can click on to jump to a new document or a new section within the current document. Hyperlinks are found in nearly all Web pages, allowing users to click their way from page to page. Back to top ^

I

Instant Messaging (often called just IMing) used to be referred to as real-time e-mail. IM is ideal for quick, little messages for touching base and saying hi or getting an answer without a formal e-mail. Back to top ^

An Instructor, or Lecturer, usually focuses on teaching rather than research, although, unlike an adjunct, may serve on academic committees. These positions are usually non-tenure track. Back to top ^

In instructor-led classes, an instructor determines what happens with the content, pace of instruction, and evaluation. See also: Self-paced Instruction. Back to top ^

Interdisciplinary study means combining or involving two or more academic disciplines or fields of study. Back to top ^

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard IP address (Internet protocol) suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide. Contrary to popular thought, the World Wide Web is not synonymous with the Internet but just one of its features, along with email, IM, and FTP.⁷ Back to top ^

An internship is an opportunity to work at a firm for a fixed time period (up to 12 months) to gain practical training in the field. Whether paid or unpaid, it provides valuable experience for the student’s career. Employment isn’t guaranteed at the end of the internship, but many employers use internships to train and evaluate future employees. Back to top ^

L

A Learning Management System (LMS) is a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting and delivery of e-learning education courses or training programs.⁸ The technology platform through which students’ access online courses, a LMS generally includes software for creating and editing course content, communication tools, assessment tools, and other features for managing the course.⁹ Back to top ^

M

A Matriculating student is in a college or university as a candidate for a degree. Non-matriculating students are not actively working towards completion of a degree. Some schools limit the number of credits that a non-matriculated student may take in a semester.¹⁰ Back to top ^

Learning styles and learning modalities are often spoken of interchangeably. We commonly consider four modalities: visual (seeing), auditory (hearing), kinesthetic (moving), and tactile (touching). Educational environment must consider whether the student learns best through hearing, seeing, moving, and touching.¹¹ Back to top ^

N

Netiquette is a set of rules or standards people follow to keep the online environment pleasant and safe. Netiquette is all about communicating respectfully and politely and avoiding stereotyping. Setting those ground rules early can prevent misunderstandings. Back to top ^

Both non-profit and for-profit schools confer degrees, but their focus and composition are quite different. Non-profits are the traditional schools you likely picture when you think of college- such as liberal arts colleges, community colleges, and state universities. These schools receive funding from a variety of sources such as the government, tuition fees, and donations. The money that these schools earn often goes directly back into the schools themselves. See also: For-Profit University.¹² Back to top ^

O

Online education is about connecting the student to instruction and educational materials by way of the Internet. Other terms used include Virtual learning, Cyber learning, and E-learning. Back to top ^

An operating system (OS) is the software that allows you to start and shut down your computer and work with all the other software programs, manage files, and connect to the Internet. Windows, Apple’s Mac OS X, and Linux are common computer operating systems. Back to top ^

P

Payment Plan for online students allows for pre-registration (D1, D2 and D3 – if applicable) of the upcoming semester and to pay tuition in four scheduled installments.¹⁸ Back to top ^

The plan of study document details the course groupings term-by-term that are used to create the student’s course schedule and helps guide decisions around which courses to take next.¹⁹ Back to top ^

A practicum is a course of study for teachers, doctors, nurses, etc., that involves actually working in the area of study and using the knowledge and skills that have been learned in a school.¹³ Back to top ^

A private college is supported by tuition, endowment, and donations, unlike a public college, which is often supported by state funds. Private colleges often offer the best financial aid and more personal attention, but it’s important for students to review each college’s specific attributes in relation to their educational needs. Back to top ^

“Professor” denotes full-time, tenured faculty. Also see: Instructor and Adjunct. Back to top ^

R

Students become inactive for various reasons, and there are different types of inactive statuses. Should an inactive student decide to return to college, procedures are determined depending on the student’s inactive status. Typically, any student wishing to be readmitted must not have an outstanding balance or be delinquent on any student loans.²¹ Back to top ^

A residency is a three to four day in-person workshop often required by online graduate level programs. The residency incorporates faculty-to-student and student-to-student interaction, access to instructional and other resources, exposure to and socialization in the field of study, and suitable academic advising. Back to top ^

Technically, RSS stands for “RDF Site Summary,” but it is commonly referred to as “Really Simple Syndication.” An RSS feed will alert you when a site you’re interested in adds new content. It’s a convenient way to stay up to date on news or opinions from various sources. Back to top ^

S

Self-paced instruction allows you to determine your schedule. See also: Instructor-Led Classes. Back to top ^

A “semester” system (from the Latin meaning “six-monthly”) divides the academic year into two terms, which are usually 14-20 weeks each. Some schools follow a trimester (three terms a year) or even a quadmester (four terms a year) schedule. See also: Academic Term. Back to top ^

See: Academic Term. Back to top ^

A video, voice and instant messaging software application to communicate with people over the internet. Back to top ^

Upon acceptance into a program and beginning his or her first course, the student will be assigned a specific success coach that will be their main resource throughout their time in the program. The success coach assists with course planning, scheduling, etc., until the student graduates. Back to top ^

In Synchronous learning, the learning experience takes place in real time, although not always in the same place (as by Skype or webinar, for instance). Even in asynchronous courses, instructors may include synchronous components, such as weekly meetings. Back to top ^

T

Theory-based learning is learning on the basis of systematic knowledge development by others. Using scientific knowledge is the foremost example of theory-based learning. See also: Applied Learning. Back to top ^

Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), is a standardized test of English language proficiency for non-native English speakers. It measures the ability to use and understand the English language as it is heard, read, spoken, and written. Back to top ^

Employer tuition assistance includes a variety of employer-sponsored programs to help employees and their dependents pay for college. In many cases the funds received from these programs will be excluded from income and are tax-free.¹² Back to top ^

A tuition reimbursement (TR) plan is a human resources benefit offered by some employers. Employees who meet certain criteria may get assistance or reimbursement by their employers to help pay for education. Back to top ^

U

URL stands for “Uniform Resource Locator.” A URL is the address of a specific Web site or file on the Internet, usually, though not always, beginning with “http://www.” Back to top ^

V

An interactive collaboration and sharing tool that enables users to add images, documents, and videos, and to which other users can add voice, text, audio file, or video comments. Used in many courses taught online to interact with faculty, students, and peers.²⁶ Back to top ^

In some programs, students are not required to travel to campus to complete their residency requirement, but instead interact online at specific times with classmates and professors using webcams and audio. Students may have up to four such virtual residencies throughout the program.²⁷ Back to top ^

Y

The Yellow Ribbon Program is a provision of the law that created the Post-9/11 GI Bill. The Yellow Ribbon Program is available for Institutions of Higher Learning (degree granting institutions) in the U.S. or at a branch of such institution located outside the U.S. The program allows approved institutions of higher learning and the VA to partially or fully fund tuition and fee expenses that exceed the established thresholds under the Post-9/11 GI Bill. A helpful source of information on GI Bill benefits can be found here. Back to top ^